Social Conflict

Social Conflict

In human social life, anywhere and anytime, never separated from the so-called "conflict" (Chandra, 1992; Lauer, 1993). The term "conflict" is etymologically derived from the Latin "con" which means together and "fligere" which means a conflict or collision. Thus "conflict" in social life means that conflicts of interests, desires, opinions, and others that most did not involve two or more parties. William Chang (2001) questioned the "true social conflicts are rooted only in the inner dissatisfaction, jealousy, envy, hatred, stomach problems, soil problems, housing problems, job problems, money problems, and issues of power?", Was answered "no" ; and stated by Chang for a moment that human emotions can trigger social conflicts.

In International Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences Vol. 3 (pages 236-241) elaborated on the notion of conflict from the aspect of anthropology, which is generated as a result of competition between at least two parties, in which each party can be either individual, family, kinship group, one community, or perhaps a layer of class supporters of a particular social ideology, a political organization, one tribe, or a particular religion (Nader, tt). Thus parties can be involved in the conflict include many kinds of shapes and sizes. Moreover, it can also be understood that an anthropological understanding of conflict should not stand alone, but together with the notion of conflict according to other aspects of all that took part in the rise of social conflict in the human collective life (Chang, 2001).

Social life that, if scrutiny is the main component of interaction between members. In connection with antaranggota interactions were found various types. These types of social interaction in general include: cooperative (partnership), competition (competition) and conflict (conflict). In segari-day social life seems in addition characterized by cooperation, continues to also colored by various forms of competition and conflict. Even in social life has never been found throughout all time cooperative citizens. Accordingly, the question in this paper is "whether the conflict is closely related to social structure, and what that conflict functions for human social life?".

Causes of conflict
Individual differences, including differences in opinions and feelings.
Every human being is a unique individual. That is, everyone has opinions and feelings different from one another. Differences in opinions and feelings will be something tangible things or the environment can be a factor of social conflict, because in running social relationships, a person is not always in line with the group. For example, when music festivals take place in neighborhoods, residents would certainly feel any different. There are annoyed because of noise, but some are amused.

Differences in cultural background leading to the formation of different personalities.
Someone a little more would be affected by patterns of thought and the establishment of the group. Establishment of different thoughts and it will eventually produce individual differences that can lead to conflict.

Divergence of interests between individuals or groups.
Human beings have feelings, as well as the establishment of different cultural backgrounds. Therefore, at the same time, each person or group has a different interest. Sometimes people can do the same thing, but for different purposes. For example, the different interests in terms of forest use. Community leaders perceive the forest as a cultural richness that is part of their culture so it must be guarded and not allowed to be felled. Farmers menbang trees being perceived as a barrier for them to make the garden or fields. For entrepreneurs timber, felled trees and then the wood exported to earn money and unlock the job. As for environmentalists, the forest is part of the environment that must be preserved. Here there are obvious differences between the interests of one group by another group that will bring social conflict in society. This conflict of interests can also be related to political, economic, social, and cultural. So also can occur between groups or between groups with individuals, such as a conflict between groups of workers with employers that occur because of differences in interests between them. The workers want a wage that is sufficient, while the employers want a big income to enjoy themselves and enlarge the field as well as their business volume.

Value changes rapidly and suddenly in the community.
Change is something common and normal happening, but if the change is rapid or even sudden, these changes could trigger social conflict. For example, in rural communities that experienced a sudden process of industrialization which will create social conflict because the old values on traditional societies which are usually patterned farm quickly turned into an industrial society values. Changing values such as the value of mutual cooperation was changed to the value of the employment contract with wages that are adjusted according to the type of work. Relationship shifted into the structural relationship that developed in the formal organization of the company. The values of togetherness turned into individualist and values about the use of time tend to become less strict division of time is firmly on the scheduled work and rest in the industrial world. These changes, if it happens sooner or sudden Seara, will create a jolt of social processes in society, even going to happen effort rejection of all forms of change because it regarded the order kehiodupan disrupt existing communities.


The types of conflict
According to Dahrendorf, conflict is divided into four types:

conflicts between or within social roles (intrapersonal), for example between roles within the family or profession (role conflict (role))
conflicts between social groups (between family, between gang).
conflict organized and unorganized groups (the police against the masses).
conflicts between national units (campaigns, civil wars).

Due to the conflict
Results of a conflict are as follows:

enhance solidarity among members of the group (ingroup) which are in conflict with other groups.
cracks relations between groups involved in the conflict.
personality changes in individuals, such as the emergence of a sense of revenge, hatred, mutual suspicion, etc..
property damage and loss of human life.
domination conquest even one of the parties involved in the conflict.
Theorists have claimed that the parties in conflict can yield responses to conflict according to a two-dimensional scheme; understanding of the results of our purpose and understanding of the objectives of other parties. This scheme will generate hypotheses as follows:

High Definition for the two sides will result in an experiment to find a way out for the best.
High Definition for the results of our own will only make an attempt to "win" the conflict.
High Definition for the other party will only produce an experiment that provides a "victory" of the conflict for that party.
There is no sense for both parties will result in an attempt to avoid conflict.

Examples of conflict
Vietnam conflicts turn into wars.
Middle East conflict is an example of conflicts that are not controlled, so that the resulting violence. This can be seen in Israel and Palestine conflict.
Catholic-Protestant conflict in Northern Ireland provide examples of other historical conflicts.
Many conflicts occur because of differences of race and ethnicity. This includes conflicts of Bosnia and Croatia (see Kosovo), the conflicts in Rwanda, and the conflict in Kazakhstan


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